认 证：工商信息已核实
访问量：83777
主要功能
1）可测荧光诱导曲线并进行淬灭分析
2）可测光响应曲线和快速光曲线（RLC）
3）可测水样的叶绿素a浓度
4）可测量水样的下列光合指标活性：
* 光合效率和光合速率（相对电子传递速率）
* 藻类的潜在**光合效率（“生长潜能”）
* 藻类的光保护能力
* 藻类耐受强光的能力
5）51个内置模式菜单，方便参数设置和标准测量
6）系统I用于浮游植物研究，系统II用于大型藻类研究，系统III用于连续监测水体光合作用
应用领域
测量野外自然水样或实验室培养的微藻样品的光合作用，三套系统可供选择，可应用于水生生物学、水域生态学、海洋学、湖沼学等领域，检测限达0.1 μgChl/L。可用于有害藻华的早期预警。与PHYTO-PAM的**区别在于，WATER-PAM不能进行浮游植物分类。
测量参数
Fo， Fm， Fv/Fm， F， Fm'， Fo'， Y(II)=ΔF/Fm'， qP， qN， NPQ， ETR，alpha，ETRmax， Ik， PAR和Chla含量等
主要技术参数
测量光：3个波长为650 nm的LED阵列
光化光：12个波长为660 nm的LED阵列，**连续光强2000 μmol m-2 s-1。
饱和脉冲：12个波长为660 nm的LED阵列，**闪光强度4000 μmol m-2 s-1。
信号检测：光电倍增管检测器（H6779-01，Hamamatsu），过载保护功能，检测信号λ>710 nm。
数据存储：CMOS RAM 128 KB，可存储4000组数据。
| 系统组成 | ||
| 系统I 浮游植物版 | 系统II 附着藻类/大型藻类版 | 系统III 连续监测版 |
| 野外现场自然水体的光合作用检测、叶绿素含量测定；室内培养的微藻样品的生理特性研究等。 | 野外现场附着藻类（如底泥中的藻类）、大型海藻的光合活性测量；室内大型海藻生理特性研究。 | 野外现场水体光合活性监测、叶绿素含量的连续测定。 |
| 可选附件1：搅拌器，可置于系统I的上部对水样进行搅拌，带内置电池 | ||
| 可选附件2：球状微型光量子探头，可放入系统I的样品杯中测量PAR |
部分文献
1.Alderkamp A-C， de Baar HJW， Visser RJW， Arrigo KR: Can photoinhibition control phytoplankton abundance in deeply mixed water columnsof the Southern Ocean? Limnology and Oceanography2010， 55:1248-1264.[WATER-PAM]
2.Claquin P， Longphuirt SN， Fouillaron P， Huonnic P， Ragueneau O， Klein C， Leynaert A: Effects of simulated benthic fluxes on phytoplankton dynamic and photosynthetic parameters in a mesocosm experiment (Bay of Brest， France). Estuarine， Coastal and Shelf Science2010， 86:93-101.[WATER-PAM]
3.Deblois CP， Juneau P: Relationship between photosynthetic processes and microcystin in Microcystis aeruginosa grown under different photon irradiances. Harmful Algae2010， 9:18-24.[WATER-PAM]
4.Guan W， Gao K: Impacts of UV radiation on photosynthesis and growth of the coccolithophoreEmiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae). Environmental and Experimental Botany2010， 67:502-508.[WATER-PAM]
5.Guan W-C， Gao K-S: Enhanced calcification ameliorates the negative effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in the calcifying phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi Chinese Science Bulletin2010， 55(7):588-593.[WATER-PAM]
6.Helbling EW， Pérez DE， Medina CD， Lagunas MG， Villafañe VE: Phytoplankton distribution and photosynthesis dynamics in the Chubut River estuary (Patagonia， Argentina) throughout tidal cycles Limnology and Oceanography2010， 55(1):55-65.[WATER-PAM]
7.Ji C-F， Legrand J， Pruvost J， Chen Z-A， Zhang W: Characterization of hydrogen production by Platymonas Subcordiformis in torus photobioreactor International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2010:in press.[WATER-PAM]
8.Korbee N， Mata M， Figueroa F: Photoprotection mechanisms against ultraviolet radiation in Heterocapsa sp. (Dinophyceae) are influenced by nitrogen availability: Mycosporine-like amino acids vs. xanthophyll cycle Limnology and Oceanography2010， 55(2):899-908.[WATER-PAM]
9.Tanabe Y， Ohtani S， Kasamatsu N， Fukuchi M， Kudoh S: Photophysiological responses of phytobenthic communities to the strong light and UV in Antarctic shallow lakes Polar Biology2010， 33(1):85-100.[WATER-PAM]
10.Xiao Y， Liu Y， Wang G， Hao Z， An Y: Simulated microgravity alters growth and microcystin production in Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanophyta) Toxicon2010:in press.[WATER-PAM]
11.夏建荣， 田其然， 高坤山: 经济海藻红毛菜原位光合作用日变化. 生态学报2010， 30(6):1524-1531.[WATER-PAM]
12.Buma AGJ， Sjollema SB， van de Poll WH， Klamer HJC， Bakkerb\ JF: Impact of the antifouling agent Irgarol 1051 on marine phytoplankton species Journal of Sea Research2009， 61(3):133-139.[PAM-2000， WATER-PAM]
13.Coelho H， Calado R， Olaguer-Feliú AO， Vieira S， Queiroga H， Serôdio J: Nondestructive quantification of phytoplankton gut content of brachyuran crab megalopae using in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence. Journal of Plankton Research2009， 31:577-581.[WATER-PAM]
14.Drath M， Baier K， Forchhammer K: An alternative methionine aminopeptidase， MAP-A， is required for nitrogen starvation and high-light acclimation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Microbiology2009， 155:1427-1439.[WATER-PAM]
15.Fredersdorf J， Müller R， Becker S， Wiencke C， Bischof K: Interactive effects of radiation， temperature and salinity on different life history stages of the Arctic kelp Alaria esculenta (Phaeophyceae) Oecologia2009， 160(3):483-492.[PAM-2100， WATER-PAM]
16.Gao Y， Xiong W， Li X-b， Gao C-F， Zhang Y-l， Li H， Wu Q-y: Identification of the proteomic changes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 following prolonged UV-B irradiation. Journal of Experimental Botany2009， 60(4):1141-1154.[WATER-PAM]
17.Gradinger R: Sea-ice algae: Major contributors to primary production and algal biomass in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas during May/June 2002. DeepSeaResearch2009， 56:1201-1212.[WATER-PAM]
18.Harada H， Vila-Costa M， Cebrian J， Kiene RP: Effects of UV radiation and nitrate limitation on the production of biogenic sulfur compounds by marine phytoplankton Aquatic Botany2009， 90(1):37-42.[WATER-PAM]
19.Kromkamp JC， Beardall J， Sukenik A， Kopeck J， Masojidek J， van Bergeijk S， Gabai S， Shaham E， Yamshon A: Short-term variations in photosynthetic parameters of Nannochloropsis cultures grown in two types of outdoor mass cultivation systems. Aquatic Microbial Ecology2009， 56:309-322.[DUAL-PAM， Flow-Through WATER-PAM]
20.Kunz H-H， Scharnewski M， Feussner K， Feussner I， Flügge U-I， Fulda M， Gierth M: The ABC Transporter PXA1 and Peroxisomal -Oxidation Are Vital for Metabolism in Mature Leaves of Arabidopsis during Extended Darkness The Plant Cell2009， 21:2733-2749.[IMAGING-PAM， WATER-PAM]
21.Mackey KRM， Rivlin T， Grossman AR， Post AF， Paytan A: Picophytoplankton responses to changing nutrient and light regimes during a bloom. Marine Biology2009， 156(8):1531-1546.[WATER-PAM]
22.Manes SS， Gradinger R: Small scale vertical gradients of Arctic ice algal photophysiological properties. Photosynthesis Research2009， 102(1):53-66.[WATER-PAM]
23.Obata M， Toda T， Taguchi S: Using chlorophyll fluorescence to monitor yields of microalgal production Journal of Applied Phycology2009， 21(3):315-319.[WATER-PAM]
24.Paytan A， Mackey KRM， Chen Y， Lima ID， Doney SC， Mahowald N， Labiosa R， Post AF: Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2009， 106:4601-4605.[WATER-PAM]
25.Ran C， Zhang F， Sun H， Zhao B: Effect of culture medium on hydrogen production by sulfur-deprived marine green algae Platymonas subcordiformis Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering2009， 14(6):835-841.[WATER-PAM]
26.Roleda MY， Campana GL， Wiencke C， Hanelt D， Quartino ML， Wulff A: Sensitivity of antarctic Urospora penicilliformis (Ulotrichales， Chlorophyta) to ultraviolet radiation is life-stage dependent. Journal of Phycology2009， 45:600-609.[WATER-PAM]
27.Sukenik A， Beardall J， Kromkamp JC， Kopeck J， Masojídek J， van Bergeijk S， Gabai S， Shaham E， Yamshon A: Photosynthetic performance of outdoor Nannochloropsis mass cultures under a widerange of environmental conditions. Aquatic Microbial Ecology2009， 56(2-3):297-308.[DUAL-PAM-100， FLOW THROUGH WATER-PAM]
28.van de Poll WH， Janknegt PJ， van Leeuwe MA， Visser RJW， Buma AGJ: Excessive irradiance and antioxidant responses of an Antarctic marine diatom exposed to iron limitation and to dynamic irradiance Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2009， 94(1):32-37.[WATER-PAM]
29.Wu H， Gao K， Wu H: Responses of a marine red tide alga Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae) to long-term UV radiation exposures. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2009， 94:82-86.[WATER-PAM]
30.陈书秀， 梁英: 光照强度对雨生红球藻叶绿素荧光特性及虾青素含量的影响. 南方水产2009， 5(1):1-8.[WATER-PAM]
31.赖永忠， 高坤山: 阳光紫外辐射对室内水培发状念珠藻生理特性的影响. 水生生物学报2009， 33(3):435-441.[WATER-PAM]
32.梁英， 冯力霞， 田传远: 高温胁迫对球等鞭金藻3011和8701叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 水产学报2009， 33(1):37-44.[WATER-PAM]
33.朱喜锋， 邹定辉， 简建波， 陈伟洲， 刘慧慧， 杜虹: 龙须菜对重金属铜胁迫的生理响应. 应用生态学报2009， 20(6):1438-1444.[WATER-PAM]
34.Bailey S， Melis A， Mackey KRM， Cardol P， Finazzi G， Dijken Gv， Berge GM， Arrigo K， Shrager J， Grossman A: Alternative photosynthetic electron flow to oxygen in marine Synechococcus Biochimica et Biophysica Acta2008， 1777(3):269-276.[DUAL-PAM-100， WATER-PAM]
35.Drath M， Kloft N， Batschauer A， Marin K， Novak J， Forchhammer K: Ammonia triggers photodamage of photosystem II in the cyanobacteriumSynechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Plant Physiology2008， 147:206-215.[WATER-PAM]
36.Gao K， Li P， Watanabe T， Helbling EW: Combined effects of ultraviolet radiation and temperature on morphology， photosynthesis， and DNA of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Cyanophyta). Journal of Phycology2008， 44(3):777-786.[WATER-PAM]
37.Gao K， Ma Z: Photosynthesis and growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Cyanophyta) in response to solar UV radiation， with special reference to its minor variant. Environmental and Experimental Botany2008， 63(1-3):123-129.[WATER-PAM]
38.Goto N， Kihira M， Ishida N: Seasonal distribution of photosynthetically active phytoplankton using pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry in the large monomictic Lake Biwa， Japan. Journal of Plankton Research2008， 30(10):1169-1177.[WATER-PAM]
39.Guan W， Gao K: Light histories influence the impacts of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis and growth in a marine diatom， Skeletonema costatum. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2008， 91(2-3):151-156.[WATER-PAM]
40.Guo Z， Chen Z， Zhang W， Yu X， Jin M: Improved hydrogen photoproduction regulated by carbonylcyanide m -chlorophenylhrazone from marine green alga Platymonas subcordiformis grown in CO2-supplemented air bubble column bioreactor Biotechnology Letters2008， 30(5):877-883.[WATER-PAM]
41.Hill R， Ralph PJ: Impact of bleaching stress on the function of the oxygen evolving complex of zooxanthellae from scleractinian corals. Journal of Phycology2008， 44(2):299-310.[WATER-PAM]
42.Mojaat M， Foucault A， Pruvost J， Legrand J: Optimal selection of organic solvents for biocompatible extraction of β-carotene from Dunaliella salina Journal of Biotechnology2008， 133(4):433-441.[WATER-PAM]
43.梁英， 陈书秀， 田传远， 王燕: 温度对三角褐指藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响. 中国海洋大学学报2008， 38(3):377-383.[WATER-PAM]
44.梁英， 金月梅， 田传远: 磷限制及恢复对小球藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 南方水产2008， 4(4):1-7.[WATER-PAM]
45.梁英， 金月梅， 田传远: 氮磷浓度对绿色巴夫藻生长及叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 海洋湖沼通报2008:122-128.[WATER-PAM]
46.梁英， 王帅， 冯力霞， 田传远: 重金属胁迫对纤细角毛藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 中国海洋大学学报2008， 38(1):59-67.[WATER-PAM]
47.刘树霞， 邹定辉， 徐军田， 高坤山: 不同N水平条件下羊栖菜对阳光辐射的响应. 海洋通报2008， 27(6):44-51.[WATER-PAM]
48.冉春秋， 张卫， 虞星炬， 金美芳: 硫与间氯苯腙对海水绿藻Platymonas subcordiformis光照产氢特性的影响. 太阳能学报2008， 29(8):944-949.[WATER-PAM]
49.尹翠玲， 梁英， 张秋丰: 氮浓度对球等鞭金藻3011和8701叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响. 水产科学2008， 27(1):27-31.[WATER-PAM]
50.郑阳， 陈兆安， 傅赟彬， 陆洪斌， 张卫: 亚心形四爿藻培养和产氢过程一体化平板光生物反应系统. 高等学校化学学报2008， 29(11):2209-2212.[WATER-PAM]
51.Ekelund NGA， Aronsson KA: Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence in Euglena gracilis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii after exposure to wood-ash Environmental and Experimental Botany2007， 59(1):92-98.[WATER-PAM]
52.Gao K， Guan W， Helbling EW: Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis of the marine red tide alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae). Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2007， 86(2):140-148.[WATER-PAM]
53.Gao K， Yu H， Brown MT: Solar PAR and UV radiation affects the physiology and morphology of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology2007， 89(2-3):117-124.[WATER-PAM]
54.Geoffroy L， Gilbin R， Simon O， Floriani M， Adam C， Pradines C， Cournac L， Garnier-Laplace J: Effect of selenate on growth and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Aquatic Toxicology2007， 83(2):149-158.[WATER-PAM]
55.Hill R， Ralph PJ: Post-bleaching viability of expelled zooxanthellae from the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Ecology Progress Series2007， 352:137-144.[WATER-PAM]
56.Kromkamp JC， Perkins R， Dijkman N， Consalvey M， Andres M， Reid RP: Resistance to burial of cyanobacteria in stromatolites. Aquatic Microbial Ecology2007， 48(2):123-130.[WATER-PAM， DIVING-PAM]
57.Kudela RM， Ryan JP， Blakely MD， Lane JQ， Peterson TD: Linking the physiology and ecology of Cochlodinium to better understand harmful algal bloom events: A comparative approach Harmful Algae2007， 7(3):278-292.[WATER-PAM]
58.Leu E， Falk-Petersen S， Hessen DO: Ultraviolet radiation negatively affects growth but not food quality of arctic diatoms. Limnology and Oceanography2007， 52(2):787-797.[WATER-PAM]
59.McMinn A， Ryan KG， Ralph PJ， Pankowski A: Spring sea ice photosynthesis， primary productivity and biomass distribution in eastern Antarctica， 2002-2004 Marine Biology2007， 151(3):985-995.[WATER-PAM]
60.Perkins RG， Kromkam JC， Reid RP: Importance of light and oxygen for photochemical reactivation in photosynthetic stromatolite communities after natural sand burial. Marine Ecology Progress Series2007， 349:23-32.[WATER-PAM]
61.Ralph PJ， Ryan KG， Martin A， Fenton G: Melting out of sea ice causes greater photosynthetic stress in algae than freezing in. Journal of Phycology2007， 43(5):948-956.[WATER-PAM]
62.Richter P， Helbling W， Streb C， Häder D-P: PAR and UV Effects on Vertical Migration and Photosynthesis inEuglena gracilis. Photochemistry and Photobiology2007， 83(4):818-823.[WATER-PAM]
63.Roleda MY， Zacher K， Wulff A， Hanelt D， Wiencke C: Photosynthetic performance， DNA damage and repair in gametes of the endemic Antarctic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Austral Ecology2007， 32(8):917-926.[WATER-PAM]
64.Schaeffer BA， Kamykowski D， McKay L， Sinclair G， Milligan EJ: A comparison of photoresponse among ten different Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) isolates. Journal of Phycology2007， 43(4):702-714.[WATER-PAM]
65.Schmitt-Jansen M， Altenburger R: The use of pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence-based methods to evaluate effects of herbicides in microalgal systems of different complexity Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry2007， 89(4):665-681.[PHYTO-PAM， WATER-PAM， MICROSCOPY-PAM]
66.Veldhuis MJW， Timmermans KR: Phytoplankton dynamics during an in situ iron enrichment experiment (EisenEx) in the Southern Ocean: a comparative study of field and bottle incubation measurements. Aquatic Microbial Ecology2007， 47(2):191-208.[WATER-PAM]
67.Villafane VE， Gao K， Li P， Li G， Walter Helbling E: Vertical mixing within the epilimnion modulates UVR-induced photoinhibition in tropical freshwater phytoplankton from southern China. Freshwater Biology2007， 52(7):1260-1270.[WATER-PAM]
68.Wulff A， Zacher K， Hanelt D， Al-Handal A， Wiencke C: UV radiation - a threat to Antarctic benthic marine diatoms? Antarctic Science2007， 20:13-20.[DIVING-PAM， WATER-PAM]
69.Zacher K， Roleda MY， Hanelt D， Wiencke C: UV effects on photosynthesis and DNA in propagules of three Antarctic seaweeds (Adenocystis utricularis， Monostroma hariotii and Porphyra endiviifolium) Planta2007， 225(6):1505-1516.[WATER-PAM]
70.关万春， 高坤山: 阳光紫外辐射对两种微藻类光化学效率的影响. 水生生物学报2007， 31(4):594-599.[WATER-PAM]
71.梁英， 冯力霞， 田传远， 王帅: 高温胁迫对盐藻和塔胞藻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响. 中国水产科学2007， 14(6):961-968.[WATER-PAM]
72.梁英， 尹翠玲， 江新琴， 于云芝: 硅浓度对纤细角毛藻和三角褐指藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 海洋水产研究2007， 28(5):89-94.[WATER-PAM]
73.刘远， 陈兆安， 陆洪斌， 刘长发， 金美芳， 郭祯， 张卫: 亚心形扁藻培养基的优化及光合特性. 过程工程学报2007， 7(6):1197-1201.[WATER-PAM]
74.尹翠玲， 梁英， 冯力霞， 曹春晖: 氮浓度对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响. 海洋湖沼通报2007:101-110.[WATER-PAM]
75.尹翠玲， 梁英， 张秋丰: 磷浓度对球等鞭金藻3011和8701叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响. 海洋湖沼通报2007:88-95.[WATER-PAM]
76.尹翠玲， 梁英， 张秋丰: 磷浓度对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响. 水产科学2007， 26(3):154-159.[WATER-PAM]
77.Cosgrove J， Borowitzka M: Applying Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry to microalgae suspensions: stirring potentially impacts fluorescence. Photosynthesis Research2006， 88(3):343-350.[WATER-PAM]
78.Leu E， FÆRØVIG PJ， HESSEN DO: UV effects on stoichiometry and PUFAs of Selenastrum capricornutum and their consequences for the grazer Daphnia magna. Freshwater Biology2006， 51(12):2296-2308.[WATER-PAM]
79.Peers G， Price NM: Copper-containing plastocyanin used for electron transport by an oceanic diatom Nature2006， 441:341-344.[WATER-PAM]
80.Roleda MY， Hanelt D， Wiencke C: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation delays photosynthetic recovery in Arctic kelp zoospores. Photosynthesis Research2006， 88(3):311-322.[WATER-PAM]
81.Roleda MY， Wiencke C， Lüder2 UH: Impact of ultraviolet radiation on cell structure， UV-absorbing compounds， photosynthesis， DNA damage， and germination in zoospores of ArcticSaccorhiza dermatodea Journal of Experimental Botany2006， 57(14):3847-3856.[WATER-PAM]
82.梁英， 冯力霞， 田传远， 尹翠玲: 盐胁迫对塔胞藻生长及叶绿素荧光动力学的影响. 中国海洋大学学报2006， 36(5):726-732.[WATER-PAM]
83.梁英， 冯力霞， 尹翠玲， 曹春晖: 高温胁迫对三角褐指藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响. 中国海洋大学学报2006， 36(3):427-433.[WATER-PAM]
84.冉春秋， 张卫， 虞星炬， 金美芳， 邓麦村: 解偶联剂CCCP对莱茵衣藻光照产氢过程的调控. 高等学校化学学报2006， 27(1):62－66.[WATER-PAM]
85.Barranguet C， Veuger B， Van Beusekom SAM， Marvan P， Sinke JJ， Admiraal W: Divergent composition of algal-bacterial biofilms developing under various external factors. European Journal of Phycology2005， 40(1):1-8.[WATER-PAM]
86.McMinn A， Hirawake T， Hamaoka T， Hattori H， Fukuchi M: Contribution of benthic microalgae to ice covered coastal ecosystems in northern Hokkaido， Japan. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 2005， 85:283-289.[WATER-PAM， MICROSCOPY-PAM]
87.McMinn A， Pankowski A， Delfatti T: Effect of hyperoxia on the growth and photosynthesis of polar sea ice microalgae. Journal of Phycology2005， 41(4):732-741.[WATER-PAM]
88.McMinn A， Sellah S， Llah WAWA， Mohammad M， Merican FMS， Omar WMW， Samad F， Cheah W， Idris I， Sim YKet al: Quantum yield of the marine benthic microflora of near-shore coastal Penang， Malaysia. Marine and Freshwater Research2005， 56(7):1047-1053.[WATER-PAM]
89.Ralph PJ， McMinn A， Ryan KG， Ashworth C: Short-term effect of temperature on the photokinetics of microalgae from the surface layers of antarctic pack ice. Journal of Phycology2005， 41(4):763-769.[WATER-PAM]
90.Serôdio J， Vieira S， Cruz S， Barroso F: Short-term variability in the photosynthetic activity of microphytobenthos as detected by measuring rapid light curves using variable fluorescence. Marine Biology2005， 146(5):903-914.[WATER-PAM， PAM-210]
91.McMinn A， Hegseth EN: Quantum yield and photosynthetic parameters of marine microalgae from the southern Arctic Ocean， Svalbard. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom2004， 84:865-871.[WATER-PAM， MICROSCOPY-PAM]
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